PHYSICS
CLASS XI

THEORY PAPER

Units

Scope of Physics, Physics in relation to Science, Society and Technology.

Need for measurement, the S,I. System, fundamental and derived units. Dimensions of Physical quantities and dimension analysis; orders of magnitude. Accuracy and errors in measurement.

2. Vectors and scalars, vector addition and multiplication by a real number, resolution of vectors in a plane rectangular components, vector multiplications (dot and cross), null-vector and its properties, vectors in 3-dimension, basics of calculus-derivative as a rate measurer, maxima and minima (basic concepts), integral calculus (relation between summation and integration, evaluation of integrals of the type

∫ x n dx ∫ ab . x n dx and ∫ dx /x

Uniform motion, its graphical representation and formulae, speed and velocity, relative velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time graph, position-time graph, position-time graph and formulae; instantaneous speed, velocity and acceleration. General relation between position and velocity; application to uniformly accelerated motion, acceleration in general one-dimensional motion, moment of couples, rectangular components. Motion with uniform velocity and acceleration in 2 and 3 dimensions and projectile motion.

Force and inertia, first law of motion, momentum, second law of motion, impulse, forces in nature (gravitational, electromagnetic, nuclear forces). Third law of motion and conservation of linear momentum, rocket propulsion; equilibrium of concurrent forces ; kinds of friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication ; inertial and non. inertial frames (elementary ideas only), angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity, angular acceleration, radial acceleration, centripetal and centrifugal forces and their applications.

Work done by a constant force units of work. Kinetic energy and potential energy and power. Elastic collisions in one and two dimensions. Potential energy of spring. Different forms of energy, conservation of energy.

Interdependence of Newton's laws of motion, centre of mass of a 2-particle system, generalization to n-particles, momentum conservation and centre of mass motion, C.M. of a rigid body, general motion of a rigid body, nature of rotational motion of a particle in a plane, torque. angular momentum-its geometrical and physical meanings, conservation of angular momentum, examples (car on a level circular road, banked road conical pendulum). Rigid body rotation and conservation of its angular momentum, Moment of Inertia ~ parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, Formulae for the M.I. of a circular disc, rectangular lamina, a cylinder (both hollow and solid); examples of 2-dimensional rigid body motion (mass point on a string wound on a cylinder, cylinder rolling without slipping).

Newton's law of gravitation, gravitational constant 'G' (without determination); gravitational field, potential near the earth's surface ; gravitational mass ; one dimensional and two-dimensional motion under gravity; acceleration due to gravity variation in acceleration due to gravity of the earth, geo-stationary satellites; escape velocity, orbiting velocity and relation between them Kepler's laws of planetary motion.

(i) Atomic hypothesis, Brownian motion, Avogadro's hypothesis, Avogadro's number. Interatomic and intermolecular forces. Solids : properties peculiar to solids, crystalline and glassy (amorphous) solids, Hooks's law, Young's modulus, stress versus strain, bulk modulus, pure shear, rigidity modulus, applications

(ii) Liquids: Pressure inside a liquid, Pascal's law, hydraulic press; lift pump, siphon, Torricelli's' experiment, atmospheric pressure, height of atmosphere. Archimedes's principle and floatation (a brief review only). Surface tension and surface energy, capillary of liquids; viscosity, coefficient of viscosity; stream line and turbulent flows, Reynold's number. Bernoulli's theorem.

(iii) Gases : Boyle's and Charles' laws and absolute temperature, general gas laws. Kinetic theory of gases-pressure, kinetic

energy and temperature gas laws. Avagadro's number. Brownian Motion.

Ideal gas thermometer, thermal expansions of solid, liquid and gas; specific heats at constant volume and constant pressure and relation between them. Calorimetry, measurement of high temperature by the principle of calorimetry. Change of state, latent heats of fusion and vaporization of water and their determination. First law of thermodynamics, mechanical equivalent of heat and its determination (joule's method); thermodynamic processes ( reversible, irreversible, isothermal and adiabatic); heat engines, second law of thermodynamics, efficiency of heat engine, Conduction, convection and radiation,

Saturated and unsaturated vapor pressure, relative and absolute humidity, dew point; wet and dry bulb hygrometers.

Periodic motion, simple harmonic motion, uniform circular motion and SHM due to loaded spring and liquid in U-tube. K.E. in SHM. Simple pendulum. Forced vibration and resonances, damped oscillations. Wave motion, principle of superpositions - beats and interference. Reflection of waves; harmonic waves; standing waves and progressive waves. Newton's formula and Lap lace's correction for velocity of sound in air, effect of temperature, pressure and humidity on the velocity of sound in gases. Doppler Effect; Acoustics of building (idea of reverberation only), musical scale.

The constituents of the universe-planets, star and galaxies; energy sources of stars, stellar evolution, large scale structure and the evolution of the universe (concept only).

PRACTICAL

At least 6 experiments from each section are to be performed in the class. However, each candidate will be required to perform two experiments in examination of 3 hours duration.

Distribution of Marks:

EXPERIMENTS

Section A

1.To measure the diameter of a small spherical or cylindrical body with the help of a vernier caliper.

2.To find the volume of the given metallic rectangular block by measuring its dimensions with a vernier caliper.

3.To measure diameter of a wire by using a screw guage and find its C.S. area.

4.To find the thickness of a glass plate using a perimeter.

5.To measure the time period of a simple pendulum by using stop clock and to study the law of length.

6.To measure the weight of a given body using the parallelogram law of vectors.

7.To determine the specific gravity of a solid using a hydrostatic balance.

8.To determine the specific gravity/density of a liquid or solid by Nicholson's hydrometer.

Section B

1.To measure surface tension of water by capillary rise method.

2.To determine the water equivalent of a calorimeter by the method of mixture.

3.To measure the young's modulus of a given metal wire.

4.To find spring constant of a helical spring by measuring time period of vertical oscillations of a known load and check by measuring its extension by a known force.

5.To verify the relation between frequency and length of a stretched string using sonometer.

6.To verify the relation between length and tension for constant frequency, of a stretched string using sonometer.

7.To compare the frequencies of two tuning forks using the resonance tube and to determine the end correction.

8.To determine the velocity of sound in moist air with the help of resonance tube.

Books Recommended

1.Physics - A Conceptual Approach Vol. 1 by S.P.Bhatnagar, Scholar Publishing House, New Delhi.

2.Modern ABC of Physics Vol. 1 by S. K. Gupta, Modern Publishers.

3.Concepts of Physics Vol. 1 & 11 by H, C. Verma, Bari Bhawan Publication.

4.Physics Part 1 & 11 by Robert Resnick and David Halliday, Wiley Eastern Ltd.

5.Senior School Physics by R. S. Gupta , A. K.Kavathekar and P.C. Chhabra, Frank Bros , New Delhi.

Textbooks (Practical) Recommended

1. A Textbook of Practical Physics by 0. Kuber Singh.

2. Intermediate Practical Physics by N. N. Ghosh, Bharti Bhawan Publication