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COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS X (Theory)
One Paper Time : 21/2 hours Marks : 60
Unit Marks
I. Chemical Substances 18
II. World of living 16
III. Effects of Current 10
IV. Light 8
V. Natural Resources 8
Total 60
Theme : Materials (55 Periods)
Unit 1 : Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour
Acids, bases and salts : General properties, examples and uses, concept of pH scale, importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of sodium hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, washing soda and Plaster of Paris.
Chemical reactions : Chemical Equation, Types of chemical reactions : combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, neutralization, oxidation and reduction in terms of gain and loss of oxygen and hydrogen.
Metals and non metals : General properties of Metals and Non-metals, reactivity series, Formation and properties of ionic compounds, Basic Metallurgical processes, corrosion and its prevention.
Carbon Compounds : Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon, Nomenclature of carbon compounds, Functional groups, difference between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons, Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps and detergents.
Periodic classification of elements : Modern Periodic table, Gradation in Properties.
Theme : The world of the living (50 Periods)
Unit 2 : World of Living
Life Processes : "living" things; Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals.
Control and Co-ordination in animals and plants : Tropic movements in plants; Introduction to plant hormones; control and co-ordination in animals : voluntary, involuntary and reflex action, nervous system; chemical co-ordination : animal hormones.
Reproduction : Reproduction in animal and plants (asxual and sxual). Need for and methods of family planning. Safe sx vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women's health.
Heridity and evolution : Heridity; Origin of life : brief introduction; Basic concepts of evolution.
Theme : How things work. (35 Periods)
Unit 3 : Effects of Current
Potential difference and electric current. Ohm's law; Resistance, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors; Heating effect of Electric current; Electric Power, Inter relation between P, V, I and R.
Magnets : Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying wire, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor, Fleming's left hand rule. Electro magnetic induction. Induced potential difference, Induced current. Fleming's Right Hand Rule, Direct current. Alternating current; frequency of AC. Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits.
Theme : Natural Phenomena (20 Periods)
Unit 4 : Reflection of light at curved surfaces, Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principalaxis, principal focus, focal length. Mirror Formula (Derivation not required), Magnification. Refraction; laws of refraction, refractive index.Refraction of light by spherical lens, Image formed by spherical lenses, Lens formula (Derivation not required),Magnification. Power of a lens; Functioning of a lens in human eye, problems of vision and remedies, applications of
spherical mirrors and lenses.Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life.
Theme : Natural Resources (20 Periods)
Unit 5 : Conservation of natural resources : Management of natural resources. Conservation and judicious use of natural resources. Forest and wild life, coal and petroleum conservation. Examples of People's participationfor conservation of natural resources.
The Regional environment : Big dams : advantages and limitations; alternatives if any. Water harvesting. Sustainability of natural resources.
Sources of energy : Different forms of energy, conventional and non-conventional sources of energy: fossil fuels, solar energy; biogas; wind, water and tidal energy; nuclear. Renewable versus non-renewable sources.
Our Environment : Eco-system, Environmental problems, their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable, substances ozone depletion.
PRACTICALS
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Marks : 40 (20 + 20 )
1. To find the pH of the following samples by using pH paper/universal indicator.
i) Dilute Hydrochloric acid
ii) Dilute NaOH solution
iii) Dilute Ethanoic acid solution
iv) Lemon juice
v) Water
vi) Dilute Sodium Bicarbonate Solution.
2. To study the properties of acids and bases HCl & NaOH by their reaction with
i) Litmus solution (Blue/Red)
ii) Zinc metal
iii) Solid Sodium Carbonate
3. To determine the focal length of 72
a) Concave mirror
b) Convex lens by obtaining the image of a distant object.
4. To trace the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for different angles of incidence. Measure the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, angle of emergence and interpret the result.
5. To study the dependence of current (I) on the potential difference (V) across a resistor and determine its resistance. Also plot a graph between V and I.
6. To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series.
7. To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in parallel.
8. To prepare a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata.
9. To show experimentally that light is necessary for photosynthesis.
10. To show experimentally that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration.
11. To study (a) binary fission in Amoeba and (b) budding in yeast with the help of prepared slides.
12. To determine the percentage of water absorbed by raisins.
13. To perform and observe the following reactions and classify them into:
i) Combination Reaction
ii) Decomposition Reaction
iii) Displacement Reaction
iv) Double Displacement Reaction
1. Action of water on quick lime.
2. Action of heat on Ferrous Sulphate crystals
3. Iron Nails kept in copper sulphate solution
4. Reaction between Sodium sulphate and Barium chloride solutions.
14. a) To observe the action of Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals on the following salt solutions.
i) ZnSO4 (aq.)
ii) FeSO4 (aq.)
iii) CuSO4 (aq.)
iv) Al2 (SO4)3 (aq.)
b) Arrange Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals in the decreasing order of reactivity based on the above result.
15. To study the following properties of acetic acid (ethanoic acid) :
73
i) odour
ii) solubility in wate
iii) effect on litmus
iv) reaction with sodium bicarbonate
SCHEME OF EVALUATION :
External Examination (to be conducted by the Board through multiple choice type written test) 20 Marks
School-based hands-on practical examination. 20 Marks
RECOMMENDED BOOKS :
Science - Textbook for class IX - NCERT Publication
Science - Textbook for class X - NCERT Publication
Assessment of Practical Skills in Science - Class IX - CBSE Publication
Assessment of Practical Skills in Science - Class X - CBSE Publication
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