Aims:



1. To enable candidates to acquire the knowledge and develop an understanding of how materials are provided by biological agents to provide goods and services.



2. To appreciate the role played by biotechnology in improving health care for human beings.



3. To understand the interdisciplinary nature of this subject.



4. To create awareness about the appreciation of biological processes to industries.



5. To develop the ability to appreciate biological phenomenon in nature and the contribution of biotechnology to human welfare.



6. To develop scientific attitude towards biological phenomenon.







CLASS XI



There will be two papers in the subject:



Paper I: Theory: 3 hours ... 70 marks



Paper II: Practical: 3 hours ... 20 marks



              Project Work ... 7 marks



              Practical File ... 3marks







PAPER I –THEORY- 70 Marks



There will be one paper of three hours duration divided into two parts.



Part 1 (20 marks) will consist of compulsory short answer questions, testing knowledge, application and skills relating to elementary/fundamental aspects of



the entire syllabus.



Part 2 (50 marks) will consist of eight questions out of which the candidates will be required to answer five questions. Each question in this part shall carry



10 marks.







1. Introduction to Biotechnology



(a) Historical background and the future of Biotechnology: definition and a brief introduction of the traditional techniques which are now covered under the heading



Biotechnology. Different ways in which traditional principles of Biotechnology are being used for the betterment of mankind.



(b) Basic concepts of Biochemical technology: What does biochemical technology mean? An understanding of various principles and statistical methods involved in research under the umbrella of biotechnology.



(c) Scope and importance of biotechnology: different branches of biotechnology and different regulatory, social, ethical and legal issues that a biotechnologist comes across while doing the work.







2. Cell Biology



(a) Cell, basic unit of life: justification of cell as a basic unit of life. A brief note on the cell components with special reference to nucleus and its components. Various cytological techniques used in counting and identifying the cell and chromosomes.



(b) Cell Division and cell cycle: necessity for a cell to divide. Types of cell division and various other activities of cell such as biochemical transformations.



(c) Errors in cell division: what happens if the cell does not divide normally? An understanding of different numerical and structural abnormalities which can be detected with the help of a microscope.







3. Growth and Development in Living beings



(a) Multicellularity among plants and animals: an understanding of unicellular and multi-cellular organisms. Concept of histology. An account of various types of tissues, organs and organ systems in both plants and animals.



(b) Animal and plant development: development of a complete organism from zygotic cell in both plants and animals. An understanding of defence strategies in all types of living organisms.



(c) Biodiversity and evolution of populations: an understanding of biodiversity in both plants and animals and the concept of population. A brief account of ethnology with respect to Indian population and its importance.







4. Genetics



(a) Laws of Inheritance: how can one establish if a trait/disease is genetic or environmental? An account of Mendel's experiments. Different types of genetic inheritance and various complicating factors in genetic research.



(b) Gene Mapping: mapping of genes on chromosomes using linkage analysis. An understanding of mutations and Cancer genetics.



(c) Genes in populations: how do genes behave in populations from generation to generation? Various ways of studying population genetics.







PAPER II



PRACTICAL WORK – 20 marks.



Candidates are required to complete the following experiments.



1. Preparation of Buffers.



2. Colour reactions of Carbohydrates.



3. Colour reaction for proteins.



4. Study of various stages of Mitosis and Meiosis.



5. Preparation of karyotypes.



6. Determination of blood groups.



7. Constructing of pedigrees showing different types of inheritance.



8 Usage of pH meter.







PROJECT WORK AND PRACTICAL FILE– 10 Marks



Project Work – 7 Marks



Candidates are to creatively execute one project/assignment on any aspect of Biotechnology. Teachers may assign or students may choose any one project of their choice. The report should be kept simple, but neat and elegant. No extra credit shall be given for type-written material/decorative cover, etc.



Practical File – 3 Marks



Teachers are required to assess students on the basis of the practical file maintained by them during the academic year.